Measuring socioeconomic gaps in nutrition and early child development in Bolivia

Table 1 Estimated means and standard errors by SES

Indicator	All			Poorest 20% (Q1)			Richest 20% (Q5)			Q5-Q1
Indicator	Mean	SE	N	Mean	SE	N	Mean	SE	N	diff	p-value
Height for age z-score (HAZ)	-0.979	0.024	10,870	-1.528	0.036	3,895	-0.577	0.049	1,334	0.952	0.000
Weight for age z-score (WAZ)	-0.185	0.021	10,469	-0.582	0.034	3,665	0.114	0.044	1,321	0.696	0.000
Weight for height z-score (WHZ)	0.523	0.022	10,453	0.411	0.034	3,660	0.624	0.043	1,317	0.213	0.000
Stunting (%) (HAZ<-2SD)	0.181	0.007	10,870	0.333	0.013	3,895	0.099	0.010	1,334	-0.234	0.000
Underweight (%) (WAZ<-2SD)	0.016	0.002	10,453	0.025	0.004	3,660	0.010	0.003	1,317	-0.015	0.007
Overweight (%) (WHZ>+2SD)	0.074	0.004	10,453	0.057	0.006	3,660	0.101	0.010	1,317	0.045	0.000
Anemia (%)	0.540	0.010	9,414	0.686	0.016	3,260	0.409	0.017	1,157	-0.278	0.000
RBP level (mmol/l)	0.943	0.105	1,609	1.040	0.238	516	1.032	0.130	216	-0.009	0.957
sTfR level (mg/l)	7.965	0.239	1,609	8.247	0.518	516	7.407	0.438	216	-0.840	0.226
Vitamin A deficiency (%) (<0.7 mmol/l)	0.391	0.023	1,609	0.390	0.031	516	0.299	0.035	216	-0.091	0.044
Iron deficiency (%) (>8.3mg/l)	0.240	0.017	1,609	0.238	0.030	516	0.164	0.027	216	-0.074	0.062
Gross motor z-score	-0.001	0.032	5,753	-0.061	0.056	2,031	0.151	0.047	680	0.212	0.003
Communication z-score	-0.005	0.031	5,753	0.007	0.049	2,031	0.115	0.057	680	0.108	0.160

Notes: Data are from the ESNUT 2012. Means and standard errors estimated considering survey sampling design, including sample weights and clustering effects.

ISSN: 1475-9276