Table 9 Community level community agencies breastfeeding interventions among women of color in the U.S.
| Study | Study Design | Study Population | Intervention | Outcomes | Grade |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Cloutier, et al. [90] Home visiting program |
Design: RCT Data: baseline, 6, 12 mo p.p. survey | n = 30 intervention: 24% AA; 52% H; 24% Other; n = 27 control: 24% AA; 52% H;24%; 6 sites; Hartford CT | Standard NFN curricula plus enhanced BF/Responsive parenting modules. | No impact on BF initiation; positive impact on BF at 6 and 12 mo | Very low |
|
Sandy, et al. [91] Home visiting program |
Design: RCT Data: baseline, 1 wk. p.p. | n = 137 intervention, n = 101 control; all H mostly Dominican; NY City | Prenatal home visits by FSWs; SC curricula + BF education + BF support, pediatric resident visit 1 wk. p.p. | EBF but not any BF associated with intervention at 1st week p.p. | Very Low |
|
Lutenbacher et al. [92] Home visiting program |
Design: RCT Data: baseline, 2 wk., 2 & 6 mo p.p. | n = 94 Intervention; n = 94 controls; all H; Tennessee | Maternal Infant Health home visiting Program vs. only written information | Intervention improved EBF duration | Moderate |
|
Hans et al. [93] Community agencies |
Design: RCT Data: 3rd pregnancy trimester, 3 wks & 3 mo p.p. | N = 129 Intervention: 43.6% AA, 39.1% H, 8.3% W; n = 27 control: 46.2% AA, 35.9% H, 8.3% W; n = 4 agencies | Home visitor + doula; pregnancy and up to 6 wks p.p. | Intervention improved BF initiation; no impact on BF at 3 months p.p. | Low |
|
Karanja et al. [94] Home visiting program |
Design: Quasi-exp. Data: national dataa, 6 mo survey, visit logs, WIC records |
N = 142 mother and child All AI/AN; Oregon | 8 CHWs home visits; pregnancy thru child second y | BF initiation and 6-mo rates higher than national average | Low |
|
Thomson et al. [95] Home visiting program |
Design: Quasi-experimental. Data: 2nd pregnancy trimester, 12 mo p.p. | n = 39 intervention, n = 43 control 96.3% AA, Mississippi | PAT home visiting curriculum + culturally tailored pregnancy weight gain and early childhood obesity prevention lessons | No effect of intervention on BF outcomes | Very Low |
|
Furman et al. [96] Home visiting program |
Design: Quasi-exp Data: intake survey, home visits and phone calls logs |
n = 1000 in interventions 84.3% AA; n = 296 no intervention; 80% AA; Cleveland | Home visiting program and/or Doula or father’s evening program | No effect of interventions on BF outcomes. More home-visits increased EBF and any BF odds. | Very low |
|
Lewkowitz et al. [97] Home visiting program |
Design: Quasi-experimental. Data: phone survey; 6–12 mo. p.p. | n = 59 intervention; n = 59 control; all AA; St. Louis Missouri | Parent educator home visits; parenting curricula + healthy lifestyle & BF education | No effect of intervention on BF outcomes | Low |
|
Leruth et al. [98] Office/Home visiting program |
Design: Pre/post Data: pre- BF program data; baseline and 6 mo p.p. post-BF data |
n = 280; mostly AA Chicago, Illinois | Healthy Start BF model; home/office based services + BF counseling pregnancy to 6 months p.p. delivered by a CLC | Higher BF initiation and %any BF at 6 mo. after incorporating BF component. | Very low |
| Kozhimannil et al. [99] |
D.esign: Observational Data: 2009/2010 PRAMS and Medicaid, program’s logs |
n = 1069 intervention 10.1% W; 46.6% AA; 36.5% H; 5.5% Asian; 1.0%AI; 0.3% other. n = 51,721 PRAMS | Pregnant women with Medicaid coverage vs. pregnant women with Medicaid coverage + Doula from non-profit organization | Higher percentage of women who had doula-supported births-initiated BF | Low |
|
Rotheram-Fuller et al. [100] Home visiting program |
Design: RCT Data: surveys; baseline, 2 wks p.p., 6 mo p.p. |
n = 99 intervention n = 104 controls; 80% H; LA | Home visiting BF Peer Mentor Mothers (MM) | No effect of intervention on BF outcomes | Very low |