Table 7 Community level healthcare facility breastfeeding interventions among women of color in the U.S.: Post-partum
| Study/Setting | Study Design/ methods | Study Population | Exposure/Intervention | Outcomes Results | Grade |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Pugh et al. [71] Urban hospitals |
Design: RCT Data: baseline, 6, 12, 24 wks p.p. phone/home survey |
n = 168 intervention n = 160 control 87% AA | Three 1-4th wks p.p. PC home visits; PC bi-weekly phone calls, nurse available 24/7 by pager first 24 wks p.p. | At 6 wks p.p., intervention mothers 1.71 times more likely to BF. No significant %BF differences at 12 and 24 wks p.p. | Low |
|
Moon et al. [72] Urban Hospital |
Design: RCT Data: surveys; 1–2 d p.p., 2 wks, 2–3 mo, 5–6 mo p.p. |
n = 569 intervention n = 625 control 100% AA | Information on AAP safe sleep practices to reduce SIDS risk | No impact on BF or EBF rates despite emphasis on not bedsharing. | Very Low |
|
Hopkinson et al. [73] Community clinic |
Design: RCT Data: Chart review, baseline survey, phone at 4 wks p.p. |
n = 255 intervention n = 267 control. 87.5% H | Moms mix feeding scheduled for a 3–7 p.p. visit to clinic; PC & IBCLC BF support; | Intervention increased EBF at 4 wks, mostly due to less water and herbal teas (vs. formula) | Moderate |
|
Bunik et al. [74] Community health center |
Design: RCT Data: Hospital, 1,3,6 mo p.p. phone survey |
n = 161; 87% H n = 180; 90% H | daily BF support phone calls; bilingual nurses; 1st 2 wks p.p. | No differences in any or predominantly BF at 1, 3, 6 mo p.p. | Very Low |
|
Harris-Luna & Badr [75] Obstetric clinics |
Design: Pragmatic RCT Data: in-person baseline survey; 12 wks phone survey |
n = 31 intervention n = 30 control; 100% H; Southern CA | Promotoras BF phone daily support 4 wks p.p., then biweekly until 12 wks p.p. | Increased EBF at 12 wks p.p.; longer BF duration | Very Low |
|
Howell et al. [76] Tertiary hospital |
Design: RCT Data: Baseline, 3 wks, 3, 6 mo p.p. |
n = 270 intervention 64% H; 36% AA n = 270 Control 61% H; 39% AA; NY | p.p. behavioral education; BF tips, social support/self-management skills. | Longer BF duration; less likely to stop BF during first 6 mo p.p. | Moderate |
|
Bream et al. [77] Pediatric clinic |
Design: Retrospective Data: chart review first 14 d p.p., 2 mo p.p. survey | N = 355; 96% AA; Cleveland OH |
BF mothers requesting a breast pump or using one at 14 days p.p. | Breast-pumps did not increase EBF at 2 mo; less BF at 2 mo p.p. | Very Low |
|
Mercier et al. [78] University Hospital |
Design: Observational Retrospective study Data: chart review; hospital & 6–8 wks p.p. |
N = 405; 54% AA; 11% As; 11% H; Philadelphia | Exposure: Insurance status; Medicaid or commercial insurance | Among AA, no significant differences in BF rates AA with or without commercial insurance. | Low |